In traditional transmissions, whether manual or automatic, gear changes happen in fixed steps using multiple gear pairs or planetary gear sets. These systems rely on a limited number of physical gear ratios to transmit power from the engine to the wheels.
In contrast, a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) replaces these fixed gears with a more adaptable system. Instead of switching between a set number of gears, a CVT uses a single pair of durable pulleys connected by a high-strength belt, allowing the transmission to change seamlessly across an infinite range of ratios.
At the heart of the CVT is a component called the Variator. This system consists of two sets of pulley halves that can move closer together or further apart. As the spacing changes, the belt rides higher or lower along the tapered surfaces of the pulleys, adjusting the transmission ratio continuously based on driving conditions.
This allows the engine to remain in its most efficient power band, delivering a smoother and more consistent driving experience without the sensation of traditional gear shifts.
In contrast, a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) replaces these fixed gears with a more adaptable system. Instead of switching between a set number of gears, a CVT uses a single pair of durable pulleys connected by a high-strength belt, allowing the transmission to change seamlessly across an infinite range of ratios.
Modern CVTs use a specially developed metal belt, originally engineered by Van Doorne Transmissions in the Netherlands. This belt is made up of hundreds of transverse steel plates, held together by longitudinal metal tapes. The plates grip the pulleys, while the tapes carry the tension and maintain structural integrity.
This design has been tested extensively and is capable of handling high torque loads. It has proven to be extremely reliable and durable, even under demanding driving conditions.
In contrast, a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) replaces these fixed gears with a more adaptable system. Instead of switching between a set number of gears, a CVT uses a single pair of durable pulleys connected by a high-strength belt, allowing the transmission to change seamlessly across an infinite range of ratios.
One of the major advantages of a CVT is its wide spread of transmission ratios — from as low as 1:2.1 to as high as 1:12.7. This broad range allows for strong acceleration when needed and lower engine speeds when cruising, improving both performance and fuel economy.
This flexibility enables dynamic driving while also supporting smooth, efficient operation during everyday use.
Many CVTs are equipped with electronic control units and hydraulic systems, such as torque converters or clutch systems. These components work together to optimise performance, responsiveness and smoothness — often surpassing the feel of traditional automatic transmissions.
The electronics constantly monitor driving conditions and adjust the transmission ratio accordingly, ensuring optimal engine performance and comfort at all times.
This design has been tested extensively and is capable of handling high torque loads. It has proven to be extremely reliable and durable, even under demanding driving conditions.
In contrast, a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) replaces these fixed gears with a more adaptable system. Instead of switching between a set number of gears, a CVT uses a single pair of durable pulleys connected by a high-strength belt, allowing the transmission to change seamlessly across an infinite range of ratios.
Some manufacturers, including Nissan and Audi, have introduced manual control modes within their CVTs. These systems simulate fixed gear steps — often six — which can be selected using the gear lever or steering wheel controls.
These preset modes are managed by the electronic controller, which adjusts the Variator to the selected ratio. Even when manually selected, gear shifts remain smooth, uninterrupted, and precise, providing the feel of a manual gearbox with the convenience and refinement of automatic operation.
